african: meaning, definition, pronunciation and examples

B2
UK/ˈæfrɪkən/US/ˈæfrɪkən/

Formal, academic, journalistic, and everyday neutral.

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Quick answer

What does “african” mean?

Relating to the continent of Africa, its peoples, or its cultures.

Audio

Pronunciation

Definition

Meaning and Definition

Relating to the continent of Africa, its peoples, or its cultures.

Referring broadly to the characteristics, origins, or influences associated with Africa or people of African descent.

Dialectal Variation

British vs American Usage

Differences

No significant difference in meaning. Capitalization conventions are identical. The region 'Southern Africa' is commonly used in both, while 'sub-Saharan Africa' is standard in academic contexts.

Connotations

Neutral geographical/cultural descriptor in both varieties. Context determines specific national or regional focus.

Frequency

Similar high frequency in both varieties due to its geographical, political, and cultural relevance.

Grammar

How to Use “african” in a Sentence

[be] + African[of] + African + [origin/descent/heritage][adjective] + African + [noun]

Vocabulary

Collocations

strong
African continentAfrican UnionAfrican descentAfrican elephantAfrican diasporaSouth African
medium
African heritageAfrican cultureAfrican historyAfrican musicWest AfricanAfrican nation
weak
African sunafrican violetdeeply Africantypically Africandistinctly African

Examples

Examples of “african” in a Sentence

adjective

British English

  • The museum has a superb collection of African art.
  • He is of African and Caribbean descent.

American English

  • The African elephant population needs protection.
  • She studied African American literature.

Usage

Meaning in Context

Business

Used in market analysis (e.g., 'African markets'), trade agreements (e.g., 'African Growth and Opportunity Act').

Academic

Central in fields like African Studies, history, anthropology, and political science (e.g., 'post-colonial African states').

Everyday

Describing origin, food, music, or travel (e.g., 'African cuisine', 'She is African').

Technical

In biology/zoology for species classification (e.g., 'African wild dog', 'African clawed frog').

Vocabulary

Synonyms of “african”

Strong

Sub-Saharan (for regions south of the Sahara)continental (when context is clear)

Neutral

Pan-AfricanAfro- (as a prefix)

Vocabulary

Antonyms of “african”

non-AfricanEuropeanAsianAmerican (in a continental sense)

Watch out

Common Mistakes When Using “african”

  • Uncapitalized in formal/proper noun contexts (e.g., 'african countries' should be 'African countries').
  • Over-generalizing when referring to the diverse cultures of 54+ countries.

FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions

Yes, when it refers directly to the continent, its people, or cultures (proper adjective). It is lowercased in some non-proper compound plant/animal names (e.g., african violet).

'African' refers broadly to Africa. 'Afrikaner' specifically denotes a South African ethnic group descended from predominantly Dutch settlers.

Yes, as a countable noun (e.g., 'He is an African'). However, it's often more precise to specify nationality (e.g., 'a Nigerian').

Yes, in the context of the diaspora (e.g., 'African Americans', 'people of African descent living in Europe').

Relating to the continent of Africa, its peoples, or its cultures.

African is usually formal, academic, journalistic, and everyday neutral. in register.

African: in British English it is pronounced /ˈæfrɪkən/, and in American English it is pronounced /ˈæfrɪkən/. Tap the audio buttons above to hear it.

Phrases

Idioms & Phrases

  • African time (informal, potentially stereotypical)
  • out of Africa (referencing origin or the film/novel)

Learning

Memory Aids

Mnemonic

Remember the continent 'Africa' + the suffix '-n' (like 'American' from America).

Conceptual Metaphor

AFRICA IS A SOURCE (of culture, origin, life); AFRICAN IS AN ATTRIBUTE OF DIVERSITY.

Practice

Quiz

Fill in the gap
The conference aimed to promote trade between the UK and nations.
Multiple Choice

In which sentence is 'African' used correctly as a proper adjective?