biological warfare: meaning, definition, pronunciation and examples

Not exactly. Biological warfare is typically state-sponsored and used between nations in conflict. Bioterrorism is the use of biological agents by non-state actors (like terrorists) to cause panic and harm, often targeting civilians. The agents used may be similar, but the context and perpetrators differ.

Yes, there are documented instances, though often disputed. Allegations and evidence point to use in various 20th-century conflicts. Most infamously, Japan's Unit 731 during WWII engaged in extensive biological weapons research and deployment. Its modern use is considered a war crime.

This metaphor suggests that developing effective biological weapons can be cheaper and technically less demanding than nuclear weapons, while still having the potential for mass casualties, thus potentially appealing to less resource-rich states or groups seeking a high-impact weapon.

No, not by definition. Biological warfare requires the deliberate use of a pathogen as a weapon. COVID-19 is a naturally occurring pandemic. Conspiracy theories about its origin as a weapon are not supported by scientific consensus and conflate a natural disaster with a deliberate act of war.

The use of bacteria, viruses, or toxins to harm or kill people, animals, or plants as an act of war.

Biological warfare is usually academic, military, formal in register.

Biological warfare: in British English it is pronounced /ˌbaɪ.əˌlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl ˈwɔː.feər/, and in American English it is pronounced /ˌbaɪ.əˌlɑː.dʒɪ.kəl ˈwɔːr.fer/. Tap the audio buttons above to hear it.