cobra

B1
UK/ˈkəʊ.brə/US/ˈkoʊ.brə/

Neutral to technical.

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Definition

Meaning

A venomous snake, often hooded, native to Africa and Asia.

1. A threatening or formidable person or thing. 2. Slang for a type of convertible car roof mechanism (e.g., Mercedes-Benz SL). 3. (Military) A type of combat aircraft or helicopter (e.g., AH-1 Cobra).

Linguistics

Semantic Notes

Primarily denotes the snake. Extended meanings rely on metaphorical associations (danger, striking speed, hood-like shape).

Dialectal Variation

British vs American Usage

Differences

No significant lexical differences. The word is equally common in both variants.

Connotations

Identical primary connotations of danger/exoticism. Military/vehicle slang is equally understood.

Frequency

Equal frequency. Slightly higher potential exposure in British English due to historical colonial contexts.

Vocabulary

Collocations

strong
king cobraspitting cobracobra venomcobra bite
medium
hooded cobradeadly cobrato charm a cobra
weak
black cobralarge cobradangerous cobra

Grammar

Valency Patterns

[Adj] cobracobra [V-ed]

Vocabulary

Synonyms

Strong

Naja (scientific genus)asp (historical/poetic)

Neutral

venomous snakeelapid

Weak

serpent (archaic/formal)adder (different species, but similar danger connotation in UK)

Vocabulary

Antonyms

constrictor (e.g., boa)non-venomous snakeharmless creature

Phrases

Idioms & Phrases

  • Cobra effect (an unintended consequence of a policy)
  • Cobra strike (a sudden, decisive attack)

Usage

Context Usage

Business

Rare. Possibly in 'cobra effect' to describe a counterproductive business policy.

Academic

Common in zoology, herpetology. Used metaphorically in social sciences for 'cobra effect'.

Everyday

Common when discussing animals, danger, travel, or wildlife documentaries.

Technical

Specific in biology (taxonomy, venom research), military aviation, automotive engineering.

Examples

By Part of Speech

verb

British English

  • The car's roof can cobra open in just 15 seconds.
  • The fighter jet cobraed into a steep climb.

American English

  • The roof cobras open smoothly.
  • The helicopter cobraed through the canyon.

adjective

British English

  • He executed a perfect cobra manoeuvre in the jet.
  • Be careful of the cobra posture in yoga.

American English

  • The plane performed a cobra roll.
  • It was a classic cobra-strike marketing campaign.

Examples

By CEFR Level

A2
  • I saw a cobra at the zoo.
  • A cobra is a dangerous snake.
B1
  • The king cobra is the world's longest venomous snake.
  • The snake charmer played music for the cobra.
B2
  • The economic sanction had a cobra effect, actually increasing the illicit trade it aimed to stop.
  • The cobra reared up and spread its iconic hood.
C1
  • The helicopter, an AH-1 Cobra, provided close air support for the ground troops.
  • Her rebuttal was as swift and deadly as a cobra's strike, ending the debate.

Learning

Memory Aids

Mnemonic

Think of a COBRA wearing a COBra hat (its hood) and saying 'CO, BRAh, don't come near!'

Conceptual Metaphor

DANGER IS A COBRA (e.g., 'the political situation is a coiled cobra'). SPEED/PRECISION IS A COBRA STRIKE.

Watch out

Common Pitfalls

Translation Traps (for Russian speakers)

  • Not a general term for 'snake' (змея). It's specifically 'кобра'.
  • Do not confuse with 'cabbage' (капуста) due to phonetic similarity.

Common Mistakes

  • Using 'cobra' for any large snake (e.g., anaconda, python).
  • Misspelling as 'cobera' or 'cobbra'.

Practice

Quiz

Fill in the gap
The policy to reduce pests by offering a bounty per rat tail led to people farming rats, a classic example of the effect.
Multiple Choice

What is the primary meaning of 'cobra'?

FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions

No. They are different families of venomous snakes. Cobras are elapids (with fixed front fangs), while vipers have hinged, retractable fangs.

No, only certain species, like the spitting cobra, have the ability to project venom at a threat's eyes.

It's a term from economics for a situation where an attempted solution to a problem makes the problem worse, named after a (likely apocryphal) colonial bounty on cobras that led to people breeding them.

It comes from Portuguese 'cobra de capello', meaning 'snake with a hood', from Latin 'colubra' (snake).