conversational implicature: meaning, definition, pronunciation and examples

C2
UK/ˌkɒnvəˈseɪʃənəl ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪtʃə/US/ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃənəl ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪtʃər/

Academic/Technical

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Quick answer

What does “conversational implicature” mean?

An implied meaning derived from a speaker's utterance based on context, shared knowledge, and the cooperative principle of conversation, rather than the literal meaning of the words.

Audio

Pronunciation

Definition

Meaning and Definition

An implied meaning derived from a speaker's utterance based on context, shared knowledge, and the cooperative principle of conversation, rather than the literal meaning of the words.

A concept in pragmatics describing what a speaker suggests or implies without explicitly stating it, requiring the listener to infer meaning beyond the literal semantic content, often based on Gricean maxims of conversation.

Dialectal Variation

British vs American Usage

Differences

No significant lexical or semantic differences. The spelling 'implicature' is consistent. The concept is used identically in academic discourse in both varieties.

Connotations

Technical, scholarly term with no regional connotative variation.

Frequency

Exclusively high-frequency in linguistics and philosophy departments; extremely rare in general usage in both regions.

Grammar

How to Use “conversational implicature” in a Sentence

[Subject] + derives/identifies/infers + a conversational implicature + from [utterance].The [utterance] + carries/has + a conversational implicature + that [proposition].

Vocabulary

Collocations

strong
Gricean conversational implicaturederive a conversational implicatureviolate a maxim (to generate conversational implicature)particularized conversational implicaturegeneralized conversational implicature
medium
the theory of conversational implicaturecancelling a conversational implicatureexplain via conversational implicaturepragmatic phenomenon of conversational implicature
weak
study of conversational implicatureexample of conversational implicatureunderstand conversational implicature

Examples

Examples of “conversational implicature” in a Sentence

verb

British English

  • The analyst sought to implicature the hidden meaning.
  • Can we implicature that from his vague statement?

American English

  • Linguists don't use 'implicature' as a verb; they say 'infer an implicature' or 'generate an implicature'.

adverb

British English

  • He spoke implicaturally, hinting at his disapproval.
  • The reply was implicaturely rich.

American English

  • These forms are extremely rare and non-standard. The typical adverb is 'implicitly'.

adjective

British English

  • The implicatural content was clearer than the literal statement.
  • She provided an implicatural analysis of the dialogue.

American English

  • The implicative force of his remark was strong.
  • This is a classic implicature-based example.

Usage

Meaning in Context

Business

Virtually never used. The concept might be explained indirectly in communication training (e.g., 'reading between the lines').

Academic

Core term in linguistics, semantics, pragmatics, and philosophy of language. Used in theoretical discussion and analysis of discourse.

Everyday

Extremely rare. The concept itself is experienced daily, but the technical term is not used.

Technical

Precise, defining term in pragmatic theory. Used in journal articles, textbooks, and conference presentations in relevant fields.

Vocabulary

Synonyms of “conversational implicature”

Strong

Gricean implicature

Neutral

pragmatic inferenceimplied meaningcontextual meaning

Weak

subtextimplied messageunstated meaning

Vocabulary

Antonyms of “conversational implicature”

explicit contentliteral meaningsemantic entailmentwhat is said

Watch out

Common Mistakes When Using “conversational implicature”

  • Using 'conversational implicature' to mean simply 'implication' in everyday life.
  • Confusing it with 'presupposition' (a background assumption) or 'entailment' (a logical consequence).
  • Spelling error: 'implication' instead of 'implicature'.
  • Treating it as something the speaker actively does rather than something the listener infers.

FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions

The philosopher H. Paul Grice introduced the concept in his 1975 William James Lectures, defining it as part of his Cooperative Principle and conversational maxims.

Particularized implicature depends heavily on specific context (e.g., 'John has three children' implicates 'no more than three' only if contextually relevant). Generalized implicature is assumed by default without special context (e.g., 'I ate some biscuits' usually implicates 'not all').

No. Lying involves stating something false. Conversational implicature involves implying something true (or false) without stating it directly. It's about meaning beyond the words, not deceit within them.

It helps learners understand why native speakers communicate indirectly and how to interpret 'what is meant' vs. 'what is said'. This is crucial for achieving pragmatic competence and avoiding misunderstandings in social interactions.

An implied meaning derived from a speaker's utterance based on context, shared knowledge, and the cooperative principle of conversation, rather than the literal meaning of the words.

Conversational implicature is usually academic/technical in register.

Conversational implicature: in British English it is pronounced /ˌkɒnvəˈseɪʃənəl ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪtʃə/, and in American English it is pronounced /ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃənəl ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪtʃər/. Tap the audio buttons above to hear it.

Phrases

Idioms & Phrases

  • [Not applicable for this technical term]

Learning

Memory Aids

Mnemonic

Think of 'IMPLICATURE' as containing 'IMPLY' and 'CREATE' – it's the meaning the listener CREATES based on what is IMPLIED in the CONVERSATION.

Conceptual Metaphor

MEANING IS A LAYERED STRUCTURE (literal meaning is the surface, implicature is a deeper layer). INFERENCE IS A PATH (the listener follows a logical path from what is said to what is meant).

Practice

Quiz

Fill in the gap
When a speaker says 'It's cold in here' to imply someone should close the window, the implied request is a .
Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a key property of conversational implicature?