covalent bond: meaning, definition, pronunciation and examples

Technical (C1-C2)
UK/ˌkəʊ.veɪ.lənt ˈbɒnd/US/ˌkoʊˌveɪ.lənt ˈbɑːnd/

Scientific, Academic, Educational

My Flashcards

Quick answer

What does “covalent bond” mean?

A chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms.

Audio

Pronunciation

Definition

Meaning and Definition

A chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms.

A concept often used metaphorically to describe a strong, stable, and mutually dependent connection or relationship between two parties, where neither dominates.

Dialectal Variation

British vs American Usage

Differences

No significant differences in definition or usage. British English may use single quotes for the term in educational texts ('covalent bond') slightly more often than US English.

Connotations

Identical. Both use it as a standard, neutral scientific term.

Frequency

Identical frequency in scientific contexts. The term is equally common in UK and US chemistry education and literature.

Grammar

How to Use “covalent bond” in a Sentence

atoms form a covalent bonda covalent bond between [atoms]the bond is covalentto share electrons in a covalent bond

Vocabulary

Collocations

strong
formcreatesharepolarnonpolarstrongsingledoubletriple
medium
breakchemicalstableelectronatomlengthenergy
weak
molecularintramoleculardirectional

Examples

Examples of “covalent bond” in a Sentence

verb

British English

  • The oxygen atoms covalently bond to form a stable O₂ molecule.
  • These elements do not readily covalent-bond under standard conditions.

American English

  • The carbon atoms covalently bond, sharing four electrons.
  • Nitrogen will covalent-bond with three hydrogen atoms.

adverb

British English

  • The atoms are covalently bonded.
  • The hydrogen is bonded covalently to the oxygen.

American English

  • The two chlorines are covalently attached.
  • Electrons are shared covalently between the nuclei.

adjective

British English

  • The covalent bonding in diamond gives it exceptional hardness.
  • They studied the covalent character of the molecular compound.

American English

  • The covalent nature of the bond was confirmed by spectroscopy.
  • Water is held together by covalent interactions within each molecule.

Usage

Meaning in Context

Business

Virtually never used, except in highly specific contexts like a chemical/pharmaceutical R&D presentation.

Academic

Core term in chemistry, biochemistry, and materials science lectures, textbooks, and research papers.

Everyday

Extremely rare. Only used when explaining basic chemistry to a student or in popular science media.

Technical

The primary context. Used in chemical engineering, molecular biology, pharmacology, and laboratory procedures.

Vocabulary

Synonyms of “covalent bond”

Strong

non-ionic bond

Neutral

shared-electron bondelectron-pair bond

Weak

molecular bond (imprecise)

Vocabulary

Antonyms of “covalent bond”

ionic bondmetallic bonddative bond (coordinate covalent bond is not a true antonym)

Watch out

Common Mistakes When Using “covalent bond”

  • Misspelling as 'covalant bond'.
  • Confusing it with 'ionic bond' (transfer vs. sharing).
  • Using it as a general synonym for 'strong bond' without the specific chemical meaning.

FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions

A covalent bond involves sharing electrons, while an ionic bond involves the transfer of electrons, creating positively and negatively charged ions that attract each other.

Yes. If the shared electrons are attracted more strongly to one atom than the other (due to differences in electronegativity), the bond is polar covalent, creating partial charges.

In a dative (or coordinate) covalent bond, both shared electrons come from the same atom. Once formed, it is identical in properties to a standard covalent bond.

Bond strength is influenced by bond order (single, double, triple), the specific atoms involved, and bond length. More shared electron pairs generally mean a stronger, shorter bond.

A chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms.

Covalent bond is usually scientific, academic, educational in register.

Covalent bond: in British English it is pronounced /ˌkəʊ.veɪ.lənt ˈbɒnd/, and in American English it is pronounced /ˌkoʊˌveɪ.lənt ˈbɑːnd/. Tap the audio buttons above to hear it.

Phrases

Idioms & Phrases

  • Covalent bond (rare metaphorical use): Their partnership was a covalent bond, built on shared resources and mutual trust.

Learning

Memory Aids

Mnemonic

Think: COoperative VALENTines. Both atoms contribute (cooperate) an electron to form the bond (like a shared Valentine's gift).

Conceptual Metaphor

CONNECTION IS SHARING / A RELATIONSHIP IS A CHEMICAL BOND.

Practice

Quiz

Fill in the gap
In a molecule of methane (CH₄), each hydrogen atom forms a single with the central carbon atom.
Multiple Choice

What is the defining characteristic of a covalent bond?