eighteenth amendment

Low/Medium
UK/ˌeɪˈtiːnθ əˈmendmənt/US/ˌeɪˈtinθ əˈmɛndmənt/

Formal, Historical, Academic, Legal

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Definition

Meaning

A specific amendment to the United States Constitution that prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages.

A term often used as historical shorthand for the Prohibition era in the United States (1920-1933) and its associated cultural, social, and legal consequences.

Linguistics

Semantic Notes

This is a proper noun referring to a specific, singular historical/legal document. It is capitalized when referring to the U.S. Constitution amendment. It can be used metonymically to refer to the Prohibition era.

Dialectal Variation

British vs American Usage

Differences

In American English, it is a key historical/legal term. In British English, it is primarily a reference to a foreign (American) historical event, used in academic or comparative contexts.

Connotations

For Americans: strong connotations of gangsterism, speakeasies, bootlegging, and a failed social experiment. For British: a distant historical curiosity, often associated with American crime dramas.

Frequency

Virtually exclusive to American historical and legal discourse. Rare in general British English.

Vocabulary

Collocations

strong
ratify therepeal of thepassage of theenactment of theera of the
medium
constitutionalprohibitionhistorylegacy
weak
failedcontroversialhistoricAmerican

Grammar

Valency Patterns

The Eighteenth Amendment was [verbed] in 1919.The [adjective] Eighteenth Amendment led to [noun].During the Eighteenth Amendment, [event] happened.

Vocabulary

Synonyms

Strong

Prohibition (when used metonymically)

Neutral

Prohibition amendmentthe prohibition amendment

Weak

the alcohol banthe dry amendment

Vocabulary

Antonyms

Twenty-first Amendmentrepeallegalisation

Phrases

Idioms & Phrases

  • [Not commonly used idiomatically. The term itself is the reference.]

Usage

Context Usage

Business

Rare. Possibly in discussions of regulatory history for alcohol, tobacco, or vice industries.

Academic

Common in history, political science, law, and American studies papers.

Everyday

Rare, except in discussions of history or in metaphors for failed government policies.

Technical

Standard term in U.S. constitutional law and historical texts.

Examples

By Part of Speech

verb

British English

  • The US Congress voted to eighteenth-amend the Constitution in 1917. (Note: This is a highly non-standard, creative usage for example purposes.)

American English

  • The states moved to eighteenth-amend the nation's legal framework. (Note: This is a highly non-standard, creative usage for example purposes.)

adverb

British English

  • The law was changed Eighteenth-Amendmently, through constitutional ratification. (Note: This is a highly non-standard, creative usage for example purposes.)

American English

  • The country governed itself almost Eighteenth-Amendmently for thirteen years. (Note: This is a highly non-standard, creative usage for example purposes.)

adjective

British English

  • The Eighteenth-Amendment era was a fascinating period of social history.

American English

  • We studied Eighteenth-Amendment politics in my history class.

Examples

By CEFR Level

A2
  • The Eighteenth Amendment was a law in America.
  • It stopped people from selling alcohol.
B1
  • The Eighteenth Amendment started the period called Prohibition.
  • Many people broke the law during the Eighteenth Amendment.
B2
  • Ratified in 1919, the Eighteenth Amendment instituted a nationwide ban on alcohol.
  • The unintended consequences of the Eighteenth Amendment included a rise in organized crime.
C1
  • While ostensibly a moral victory, the Eighteenth Amendment's enforcement proved pragmatically untenable, fostering widespread illicit activity.
  • Scholars often cite the Eighteenth Amendment as a prime example of the limitations of legislating morality.

Learning

Memory Aids

Mnemonic

Think '18' sounds like 'ate' (past of eat) - "They ATE away at freedoms, then repealed it." Or, 18th = 1+8=9, and Prohibition was a '9-year' major event (actually 13, but the mnemonic helps link the number).

Conceptual Metaphor

A failed experiment; a legislative straightjacket; a social valve being closed (leading to pressure buildup).

Watch out

Common Pitfalls

Translation Traps (for Russian speakers)

  • Do not translate as 'восемнадцатый *дополнение*'. Use 'восемнадцатая *поправка*'.
  • Avoid literal translation of 'amendment' as 'амендмент' (a false friend).
  • The capitalisation is important in English to mark it as a proper noun.

Common Mistakes

  • Writing it in lower case ('eighteenth amendment').
  • Confusing it with the 19th Amendment (women's suffrage).
  • Using 'the' inconsistently (it's usually 'the Eighteenth Amendment').

Practice

Quiz

Fill in the gap
The Volstead Act was passed to enforce the .
Multiple Choice

What was the primary effect of the Eighteenth Amendment?

FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions

It was ratified in 1919 and took effect in January 1920. It was repealed by the Twenty-first Amendment in December 1933.

No. It is the only amendment to have been entirely repealed (by the Twenty-first Amendment). It remains in the document but is no longer operative.

The Eighteenth Amendment established the constitutional prohibition of alcohol. The Volstead Act was the federal law passed by Congress to provide for the enforcement of the amendment.

It was the eighteenth change or addition to be made to the text of the United States Constitution, following the first seventeen amendments (the Bill of Rights and others).