emulation

C1
UK/ˌem.jʊˈleɪ.ʃən/US/ˌem.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/

Formal

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Definition

Meaning

The effort to match or surpass a person or achievement, typically by imitation.

In computing, the process of one computer system imitating the functions of another, allowing software to run on a different platform.

Linguistics

Semantic Notes

The word carries a positive connotation of striving for excellence, but can imply rivalry. In computing, it is a neutral technical term.

Dialectal Variation

British vs American Usage

Differences

No significant differences in meaning or usage. Spelling is identical.

Connotations

Slightly more common in formal British writing; equally technical in both varieties.

Frequency

Comparable frequency in both varieties, with a slight edge in UK academic texts.

Vocabulary

Collocations

strong
spirit of emulationhardware emulationsoftware emulationdrive for emulation
medium
worthy of emulationemulation of successcompetitive emulation
weak
pure emulationsimple emulationdirect emulation

Grammar

Valency Patterns

emulation of [person/achievement]in emulation ofemulation between [parties]

Vocabulary

Synonyms

Strong

rivalrycompetitionstriving

Neutral

imitationmimicryfollowing

Weak

copyingapingechoing

Vocabulary

Antonyms

originalityinnovationindifferencedivergence

Phrases

Idioms & Phrases

  • A spirit of healthy emulation

Usage

Context Usage

Business

Used to describe competitive benchmarking or striving to match a market leader's success.

Academic

Common in sociology, history, and literature to describe social or artistic imitation.

Everyday

Rare in casual conversation; used in more formal discussions about ambition or competition.

Technical

Standard term in computing for software/hardware that mimics another system.

Examples

By Part of Speech

verb

British English

  • He sought to emulate his father's career in medicine.
  • The software emulates a classic gaming console.

American English

  • She worked hard to emulate her mentor's success.
  • This program can emulate an older operating system.

adverb

British English

  • He worked emulatively, studying his rival's every move.
  • The system runs emulatively on the new hardware.

American English

  • She watched emulatively, taking notes on the technique.
  • The application functions emulatively within the browser.

adjective

British English

  • The emulative spirit among the students was palpable.
  • It was an emulative effort, not an original one.

American English

  • His emulative drive pushed him to the top.
  • The process is purely emulative in nature.

Examples

By CEFR Level

B1
  • Her hard work was driven by emulation of her successful sister.
  • The young athlete's emulation of his hero was clear.
B2
  • The company's strategy was one of emulation, closely following the market leader's innovations.
  • In emulation of classical composers, he structured his symphony in four movements.
C1
  • The cultural emulation of Western lifestyles has sparked complex debates about globalisation.
  • The software uses hardware emulation to run legacy applications on modern systems.

Learning

Memory Aids

Mnemonic

Think of 'EMUlation' – an emu can't fly but tries hard to match other birds in running. It strives to match others in a different way.

Conceptual Metaphor

ACHIEVEMENT IS A RACE (striving to catch up or overtake).

Watch out

Common Pitfalls

Translation Traps (for Russian speakers)

  • Do not confuse with 'эмуляция' (computing sense is correct). The striving/rivalry sense is closer to 'соперничество' or 'подражание с целью превзойти'. Avoid using 'имитация' for the positive, ambitious sense.

Common Mistakes

  • Using 'emulation' to mean simple copying without the connotation of striving to equal or excel.
  • Confusing 'emulation' (positive/rivalrous) with 'imitation' (neutral).

Practice

Quiz

Fill in the gap
The new policy was adopted in of a neighbouring country's successful model.
Multiple Choice

In which context is 'emulation' LEAST likely to be used?

FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions

It is generally positive, implying admiration and a desire to achieve similar excellence, though it can imply rivalry.

Imitation is neutral copying. Emulation is imitation with the specific goal of matching or surpassing the original in quality or achievement.

The related verb is 'to emulate'. 'Emulation' itself is only a noun.

Yes, in computing it is a specific technical process where one system mimics another to run its software, stripped of the competitive/rivalrous connotation.

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