epistasis: meaning, definition, pronunciation and examples

C2
UK/ɪˈpɪstəsɪs/US/ɪˈpɪstəsɪs/

Technical/Scientific

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Quick answer

What does “epistasis” mean?

In genetics: a phenomenon where the expression of one gene is modified or masked by one or more other genes.

Audio

Pronunciation

Definition

Meaning and Definition

In genetics: a phenomenon where the expression of one gene is modified or masked by one or more other genes.

In medical/statistical contexts: a similar masking or interaction effect between different factors, such as in disease risk or drug response.

Dialectal Variation

British vs American Usage

Differences

No significant differences in meaning or usage. Spelling is identical. Slight potential variation in pronunciation.

Connotations

Purely technical with no regional connotations.

Frequency

Equally rare and specialised in both varieties, confined to academic and professional scientific discourse.

Grammar

How to Use “epistasis” in a Sentence

epistasis between (genes A and B)epistasis of (gene A) on (gene B)epistasis in (a pathway)

Vocabulary

Collocations

strong
genetic epistasisepistasis analysisepistatic interactionepistatic effect
medium
statistical epistasisepistasis testingdominant epistasisrecessive epistasis
weak
strong epistasisevidence of epistasisrole of epistasis

Examples

Examples of “epistasis” in a Sentence

verb

British English

  • The mutated suppressor gene epistatically masks the phenotype.

American English

  • Gene A is known to epistatize the expression of Gene B.

adverb

British English

  • The genes interacted epistatically rather than additively.

American English

  • The two mutations function epistatically to produce the novel trait.

adjective

British English

  • The epistatic relationship between the two loci was confirmed.

American English

  • Researchers identified a key epistatic gene in the metabolic pathway.

Usage

Meaning in Context

Business

Not used.

Academic

Common in genetics, evolutionary biology, and biomedical research papers. Describes non-linear gene interactions.

Everyday

Virtually never used in everyday conversation.

Technical

Core term in genetics for describing how mutations in one gene can hide mutations in another.

Vocabulary

Synonyms of “epistasis”

Strong

masking effectsuppressor effect

Neutral

gene interactiongenetic interaction

Weak

non-additive interactionmodifier effect

Vocabulary

Antonyms of “epistasis”

additive genetic effectindependent assortmentMendelian inheritance (in a strict sense)

Watch out

Common Mistakes When Using “epistasis”

  • Misspelling as 'epitasis' or 'epistaxis'.
  • Using it to describe simple additive effects.
  • Confusing it with 'pleiotropy' (one gene affecting many traits).

FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions

Dominance describes interactions between alleles (different versions) of the *same* gene. Epistasis describes interactions between alleles of *different* genes.

Yes, it is widespread in biological systems, making genetic inheritance and evolution more complex than simple additive models suggest.

Yes, through statistical methods in quantitative genetics or by constructing and comparing single and double mutants in experimental genetics.

Absolutely. It can influence disease susceptibility, drug efficacy, and toxicity, as genetic background can alter how a specific mutation manifests.

In genetics: a phenomenon where the expression of one gene is modified or masked by one or more other genes.

Epistasis is usually technical/scientific in register.

Epistasis: in British English it is pronounced /ɪˈpɪstəsɪs/, and in American English it is pronounced /ɪˈpɪstəsɪs/. Tap the audio buttons above to hear it.

Learning

Memory Aids

Mnemonic

Think of 'EPI-STASIS': EPI (upon) + STASIS (standing). One gene 'standing upon' or overriding another, making its effect 'stand still' or be hidden.

Conceptual Metaphor

GENETIC INTERACTIONS ARE A HIERARCHY (where one gene is the 'boss' masking the effect of another).

Practice

Quiz

Fill in the gap
The phenomenon where one gene's effect is hidden by another is known as .
Multiple Choice

In which field is the term 'epistasis' primarily used?