ketoconazole: meaning, definition, pronunciation and examples

In many countries, low-strength ketoconazole products (e.g., 1% or 2% shampoo) are available over the counter. Higher strengths and oral formulations require a prescription.

Topical use can cause irritation, itching, or dry skin. Oral use can cause nausea, abdominal pain, and, more seriously, liver damage. It can also affect hormone levels.

Ketoconazole shampoo is sometimes used off-label to support hair growth in conditions like androgenetic alopecia, as it may reduce scalp inflammation and have mild antiandrogenic effects, but it is not a primary treatment for hair loss.

Both are azole antifungals, but fluconazole has a narrower spectrum, better safety profile (especially regarding the liver), and is often preferred for systemic infections like candidiasis. Ketoconazole has a broader spectrum but more side effects and drug interactions.

A synthetic antifungal medication used to treat fungal infections.

Ketoconazole is usually technical / medical in register.

Ketoconazole: in British English it is pronounced /ˌkiːtəʊˈkɒnəzəʊl/, and in American English it is pronounced /ˌkiːtoʊˈkɑːnəzoʊl/. Tap the audio buttons above to hear it.