letter of marque: meaning, definition, pronunciation and examples

Historically, it was precisely that from the issuing nation's perspective, distinguishing legal 'privateers' from illegal 'pirates'. The targeted nation, however, often viewed privateers as pirates.

Virtually no. They were largely abolished by the 1856 Declaration of Paris, which most major powers signed. The United States, which did not initially sign, last issued them during the War of 1812. Modern international law does not recognize privateering.

In practice, they were often used interchangeably. Strictly, a 'letter of marque' authorized attacks in wartime, while 'letter of marque and reprisal' could be issued in peacetime for redress of a specific wrong (reprisal). The latter was rarer.

Yes, though rarely. It can metaphorically describe any document or authority that grants someone the power to act aggressively on behalf of another, e.g., 'The committee's report was his letter of marque to overhaul the department.'

A government license granted to a private vessel (privateer) authorizing it to attack and capture enemy vessels during wartime.

Letter of marque is usually historical, formal, technical (maritime law) in register.

Letter of marque: in British English it is pronounced /ˌletər əv ˈmɑːk/, and in American English it is pronounced /ˌletər əv ˈmɑːrk/. Tap the audio buttons above to hear it.