paradigm
C1Formal, Academic
Definition
Meaning
A typical example, pattern, or model of something; a set of concepts or assumptions that defines how a particular subject is understood.
In linguistics, a set of all the inflected forms of a word (e.g., 'sing, sings, singing, sang, sung'). More broadly, a framework of ideas, standards, or methods that shapes perception and research in a field (e.g., 'the Newtonian paradigm in physics').
Linguistics
Semantic Notes
The word often implies a standard or archetype against which other things are measured. In academic contexts, it frequently refers to a dominant theoretical framework (e.g., 'paradigm shift' coined by Thomas Kuhn).
Dialectal Variation
British vs American Usage
Differences
No significant differences in meaning or usage. Spelling and pronunciation are consistent.
Connotations
Equally formal and academic in both varieties.
Frequency
Slightly more frequent in American academic writing, but the difference is marginal.
Vocabulary
Collocations
Grammar
Valency Patterns
[paradigm] of [something][paradigm] for [something][adjective] paradigmVocabulary
Synonyms
Strong
Neutral
Weak
Vocabulary
Antonyms
Phrases
Idioms & Phrases
- “paradigm shift”
Usage
Context Usage
Business
Refers to a fundamental change in approach or business model (e.g., 'The digital revolution caused a paradigm shift in retail.').
Academic
Central to discussing theoretical frameworks and revolutions in scientific thought (e.g., 'Kuhn's theory of paradigm shifts in science.').
Everyday
Rare in casual conversation. Might be used to describe a perfect example (e.g., 'She's the paradigm of a good neighbour.').
Technical
In linguistics, refers to a word's inflectional set. In computing, refers to a programming style (e.g., 'object-oriented paradigm').
Examples
By Part of Speech
adverb
British English
- paradigmatically
American English
- paradigmatically
adjective
British English
- paradigmatic
American English
- paradigmatic
Examples
By CEFR Level
- This company is a paradigm of good customer service.
- Her behaviour is a paradigm for others to follow.
- The discovery of DNA caused a paradigm shift in biology.
- The study challenged the dominant economic paradigm of the time.
- Kuhn argued that scientific progress occurs through revolutionary paradigm shifts, not gradual accumulation of facts.
- The researcher adopted a qualitative paradigm, using in-depth interviews rather than statistical surveys.
Learning
Memory Aids
Mnemonic
Think of a PARAde with DIGNity – a 'paradigm' is a dignified, perfect example that others follow in procession.
Conceptual Metaphor
A PARADIGM IS A LENS (it shapes how we see the world). A PARADIGM IS A FOUNDATION (it supports a structure of thought).
Watch out
Common Pitfalls
Translation Traps (for Russian speakers)
- Avoid confusing with 'парадигма' in linguistics, which is a narrower, technical term for word forms.
- The English word has a broader, more figurative use (e.g., 'model of thought') beyond just grammar.
- Do not translate 'paradigm shift' literally as 'сдвиг парадигмы' without confirming the established Russian equivalent ('смена парадигмы').
Common Mistakes
- Mispronouncing the 'g' (it is silent: /daɪm/).
- Misspelling as 'paradime' or 'paradym'.
- Using it as a synonym for any 'change' instead of a fundamental change in underlying assumptions.
Practice
Quiz
In which field is the term 'paradigm' used in its most specific, technical sense?
FAQ
Frequently Asked Questions
No, the 'g' is silent. The pronunciation is /ˈpærədaɪm/ (UK) or /ˈperədaɪm/ (US).
A fundamental change in the basic concepts, assumptions, and experimental practices of a scientific or intellectual discipline. The term was popularised by philosopher Thomas Kuhn.
No, 'paradigm' is exclusively a noun. The related adjective is 'paradigmatic' and the adverb is 'paradigmatically'.
Yes, it is primarily used in formal, academic, and technical contexts. It is rare in everyday casual conversation.
Collections
Part of a collection
Science and Research
B2 · 43 words · Academic and scientific research methodology.
Academic Vocabulary
C1 · 36 words · Formal academic language used in scholarly writing.
Scientific Terminology
C1 · 44 words · Precise vocabulary used in scientific disciplines.