public holiday: meaning, definition, pronunciation and examples

B1
UK/ˌpʌblɪk ˈhɒlədeɪ/US/ˌpʌblɪk ˈhɑːlədeɪ/

Neutral to formal. Common in official, business, and travel contexts.

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Quick answer

What does “public holiday” mean?

A day established by law (national, state/province, or local government) on which most businesses and schools are closed and people do not have to work.

Audio

Pronunciation

Definition

Meaning and Definition

A day established by law (national, state/province, or local government) on which most businesses and schools are closed and people do not have to work.

Can refer broadly to any non-working day widely observed by a society, sometimes encompassing culturally significant days even if not all businesses close.

Dialectal Variation

British vs American Usage

Differences

In the UK, 'bank holiday' is the near-universal official and common term. 'Public holiday' is understood and used in official EU contexts and some formal writing. In the US, 'public holiday' is standard, alongside 'national holiday' and the official 'federal holiday'.

Connotations

UK: 'Bank holiday' feels traditional and established. 'Public holiday' can sound slightly more formal or international. US: 'Public holiday' is a standard descriptive term without strong connotations.

Frequency

In UK corpus data, 'bank holiday' is far more frequent. In US corpus data, 'public holiday' and 'national holiday' are common, with 'federal holiday' used for specific federal closures.

Grammar

How to Use “public holiday” in a Sentence

[country] has a public holiday on [date][Date] is a public holiday in [place]The government declared [date] a public holiday.Most shops are closed for the public holiday.

Vocabulary

Collocations

strong
national public holidayofficial public holidaydeclared a public holidaypublic holiday falls on a Mondaypublic holiday weekendpublic holiday pay
medium
major public holidaylocal public holidayobserve a public holidaypublic holiday schedulepublic holiday closures
weak
annual public holidayupcoming public holidaypublic holiday trafficpublic holiday celebration

Examples

Examples of “public holiday” in a Sentence

verb

British English

  • The council will public-holiday the local festival day next year. (Rare/Non-standard)

American English

  • (No standard verb form)

adverb

British English

  • (No standard adverbial form)

American English

  • (No standard adverbial form)

adjective

British English

  • We're facing public-holiday-level traffic on the roads. (Compound modifier)
  • The public holiday timetable is now in effect.

American English

  • Check the public holiday hours for the post office.
  • They offered a public holiday discount.

Usage

Meaning in Context

Business

Used in HR for payroll (public holiday pay), scheduling, and closure notices.

Academic

Used in sociology, history, or cultural studies discussing societal rhythms and commemorations.

Everyday

Used when planning travel, social events, or discussing time off work.

Technical

Used in legal documents, employment contracts, and international calendar systems.

Vocabulary

Synonyms of “public holiday”

Strong

bank holiday (UK)federal holiday (US)statutory holiday (CA)

Neutral

bank holiday (UK)national holidaylegal holidayofficial holiday

Weak

day offnon-working dayobserved holiday

Vocabulary

Antonyms of “public holiday”

working daybusiness dayweekday (in context)

Watch out

Common Mistakes When Using “public holiday”

  • Using 'the' unnecessarily: 'On Monday is *the* public holiday.' (Correct: '...is a public holiday.')
  • Confusing it with 'school holiday' (a longer break).
  • Capitalising it when not part of a proper name: 'It's a Public Holiday.' (Incorrect).

FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions

In the UK, practically yes, as all bank holidays are public holidays. Technically, 'bank holiday' refers to days under the Banking and Financial Dealings Act, but it's the common term for all public holidays.

It depends on your country's employment law and your contract. In some places, you are entitled to paid leave, in others you might get premium pay for working, or no automatic entitlement.

A 'national holiday' often specifically commemorates the nation itself (e.g., Independence Day). A 'public holiday' is any day the government declares a general day off; it can be national, religious (e.g., Christmas), or commemorative (e.g., Labour Day). All national holidays are public holidays, but not vice-versa.

Again, this varies by country and employer. In many systems, if a public holiday falls on a weekend, the following Monday (or sometimes Friday) is given as a 'day in lieu' or 'substitute day'. You must check local rules.

A day established by law (national, state/province, or local government) on which most businesses and schools are closed and people do not have to work.

Public holiday is usually neutral to formal. common in official, business, and travel contexts. in register.

Public holiday: in British English it is pronounced /ˌpʌblɪk ˈhɒlədeɪ/, and in American English it is pronounced /ˌpʌblɪk ˈhɑːlədeɪ/. Tap the audio buttons above to hear it.

Phrases

Idioms & Phrases

  • Make a long weekend of it (when a public holiday is on a Friday/Monday).

Learning

Memory Aids

Mnemonic

Think 'PUBLIC' = for the people, declared by public law. 'HOLIDAY' = holy day (originally), now a day of rest. A day of public rest.

Conceptual Metaphor

A SOCIAL PAUSE BUTTON (society-wide cessation of normal work routines). A CALENDAR LANDMARK (a fixed point around which personal and business plans are organized).

Practice

Quiz

Fill in the gap
Because Independence Day , all federal offices will be shut.
Multiple Choice

In which country is the term 'bank holiday' most commonly used synonymously with 'public holiday'?