structural linguistics: meaning, definition, pronunciation and examples

Low
UK/ˌstrʌk.tʃər.əl lɪŋˈɡwɪs.tɪks/US/ˌstrʌk.tʃɚ.əl lɪŋˈɡwɪs.tɪks/

Academic / Technical

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Quick answer

What does “structural linguistics” mean?

A theoretical approach to linguistics that analyzes language as a system of interrelated elements and structures, focusing on the relationships between these elements rather than their historical development.

Audio

Pronunciation

Definition

Meaning and Definition

A theoretical approach to linguistics that analyzes language as a system of interrelated elements and structures, focusing on the relationships between these elements rather than their historical development.

A mid-20th century linguistic movement, associated with Ferdinand de Saussure and later American linguists like Leonard Bloomfield, that treats language as a self-contained system of signs and structures, emphasizing synchronic analysis (studying language at a single point in time) over diachronic (historical) study.

Dialectal Variation

British vs American Usage

Differences

No significant differences in meaning or usage. The term is used identically in both academic traditions.

Connotations

In both varieties, it carries connotations of a specific historical period in linguistics (early-mid 20th century) and a formal, descriptive approach.

Frequency

Equally low frequency in both UK and US academic contexts, primarily confined to linguistics literature and intellectual history discussions.

Grammar

How to Use “structural linguistics” in a Sentence

[Structural linguistics] + [verb: emerged, declined, focuses, analyses][Subject] + [is/are] + [influenced by/rooted in] + [structural linguistics]

Vocabulary

Collocations

strong
foundations ofprinciples ofschool offramework ofapproach of
medium
influence oflegacy ofera oftradition oftheories of
weak
studyanalysisfieldmethodconcept

Examples

Examples of “structural linguistics” in a Sentence

verb

British English

  • Linguists once sought to structuralise language data.
  • The theory structuralises language as a closed system.

American English

  • Linguists once sought to structuralize language data.
  • The theory structuralizes language as a closed system.

adverb

British English

  • He analysed the text structural linguistically.
  • The approach was structural linguistically rigorous.

American English

  • She analyzed the text structural linguistically.
  • The approach was structural linguistically rigorous.

adjective

British English

  • His structural linguistic analysis was groundbreaking.
  • The structural linguistic paradigm emphasised synchrony.

American English

  • Her structural linguistic analysis was groundbreaking.
  • The structural linguistic paradigm emphasized synchrony.

Usage

Meaning in Context

Business

Virtually never used.

Academic

Used in linguistics, anthropology, semiotics, and intellectual history to describe a specific theoretical paradigm.

Everyday

Extremely rare; would only appear in highly educated conversation about language theory.

Technical

Core term in the history and philosophy of linguistics.

Vocabulary

Synonyms of “structural linguistics”

Strong

Bloomfieldian linguisticsAmerican structuralism

Neutral

structuralism (in linguistics)descriptive linguistics (in a specific sense)

Weak

formal linguistic analysissynchronic linguistics

Vocabulary

Antonyms of “structural linguistics”

generative linguisticsfunctional linguisticshistorical linguisticscognitive linguistics

Watch out

Common Mistakes When Using “structural linguistics”

  • Using it as a synonym for 'grammar' or 'syntax'.
  • Confusing it with 'structuralism' in literary theory or anthropology.
  • Assuming it is the dominant modern approach to linguistics (it was superseded by generative grammar).

FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions

No. While it involves grammatical analysis, structural linguistics is a specific theoretical framework that treats the entire language system (phonology, morphology, syntax) as a structure of interrelated elements, distinct from traditional or pedagogical grammar.

No, it is a reaction against and successor to structural linguistics. Generative grammar focuses on the innate mental rules that generate sentences, while structural linguistics focused on describing the observable patterns and structures in a corpus of language.

Primarily in university courses on the history of linguistics, in scholarly articles comparing linguistic theories, or in interdisciplinary studies linking linguistics to anthropology or literary theory (structuralism).

Its main criticism is that it is overly descriptive and taxonomic, failing to explain the creative and rule-governed nature of human language competence (the ability to produce and understand novel sentences), which generative grammar sought to address.

A theoretical approach to linguistics that analyzes language as a system of interrelated elements and structures, focusing on the relationships between these elements rather than their historical development.

Structural linguistics is usually academic / technical in register.

Structural linguistics: in British English it is pronounced /ˌstrʌk.tʃər.əl lɪŋˈɡwɪs.tɪks/, and in American English it is pronounced /ˌstrʌk.tʃɚ.əl lɪŋˈɡwɪs.tɪks/. Tap the audio buttons above to hear it.

Phrases

Idioms & Phrases

  • [None directly associated with this technical term]

Learning

Memory Aids

Mnemonic

Think of a building's STRUCTURE. STRUCTURAL LINGUISTICS is concerned with the framework and interlocking parts of a language system, not the history of the bricks.

Conceptual Metaphor

LANGUAGE IS A STRUCTURE / LANGUAGE IS A SYSTEM OF RELATIONS.

Practice

Quiz

Fill in the gap
The approach, dominant in the mid-20th century, analysed language as a self-contained system of signs.
Multiple Choice

Which linguist is most closely associated with the foundations of structural linguistics?