valour
C1/C2Formal, literary, historical. Used in ceremonial, epic, or poetic contexts.
Definition
Meaning
Great courage in the face of danger, especially in battle.
In modern usage, often denotes exceptional bravery, moral strength, or heroic spirit in overcoming adversity, not limited to warfare.
Linguistics
Semantic Notes
Strongly associated with ideals of chivalry, heroism, and noble sacrifice. Carries connotations of honour and gallantry.
Dialectal Variation
British vs American Usage
Differences
Spelling: 'valour' (UK/Commonwealth) vs. 'valor' (US). Usage frequency is higher in UK contexts, especially historical/military.
Connotations
UK: More likely linked to historical narrative, medals (e.g., Victoria Cross for valour), and regimental tradition. US: Slightly more abstract or used in formal awards/citations.
Frequency
Low frequency in everyday speech in both variants. More common in written texts, news reports of military honours, and literature.
Vocabulary
Collocations
Grammar
Valency Patterns
[NP] demonstrated/showed/exhibited valour (in [NP/V-ing])valour in the face of [NP]awarded for valourVocabulary
Synonyms
Strong
Neutral
Weak
Vocabulary
Antonyms
Phrases
Idioms & Phrases
- “Discretion is the better part of valour (proverb)”
- “valour of the heart (poetic)”
Usage
Context Usage
Business
Virtually never used. Would be perceived as archaic or hyperbolic.
Academic
Used in historical, literary, or philosophical studies, e.g., 'the classical concept of valour.'
Everyday
Extremely rare. Might be used ironically or in very formal news reports.
Technical
Specific in military contexts: part of official award criteria (e.g., 'for valour in the field').
Examples
By Part of Speech
verb
British English
- (No direct verb form. Use 'act valiantly'.)
American English
- (No direct verb form. Use 'demonstrate valor'.)
adverb
British English
- valourously (archaic/very rare)
- He fought valourously until the end.
American English
- valorously (archaic/very rare)
- The unit resisted valorously.
adjective
British English
- valorous (formal/literary)
- The valorous deeds of the regiment were remembered.
American English
- valorous (rare)
- He received a posthumous award for his valorous actions.
Examples
By CEFR Level
- The soldier was praised for his valour.
- The history book recounted tales of incredible valour from the battle.
- The Victoria Cross is awarded for acts of conspicuous valour in the presence of the enemy.
Learning
Memory Aids
Mnemonic
Imagine a medieval VALIANT knight receiving a LOUR (a scowling look) from the enemy for his incredible VALOUR.
Conceptual Metaphor
VALOUR IS A SUBSTANCE OF CHARACTER (he was filled with valour); VALOUR IS A SHIELD/A WEAPON (his valour defended his men).
Watch out
Common Pitfalls
Translation Traps (for Russian speakers)
- Not equivalent to просто 'храбрость' (bravery). 'Valour' has a higher, more formal, often historical/heroic register, closer to 'доблесть' or 'мужество' (in its elevated sense).
Common Mistakes
- Using it in casual contexts (overly formal). Confusing with 'value'. Incorrect spelling: 'valer', 'vallor'.
Practice
Quiz
In which context is the word 'valour' LEAST likely to be used appropriately?
FAQ
Frequently Asked Questions
It is formal and has a historical/literary flavour, but it remains in active use in specific contexts like military awards, formal writing, and historical commentary.
'Valour' implies a noble, often heroic or martial courage, frequently in the face of mortal danger. 'Bravery' is a broader, more general term for courageous behaviour in any situation.
Yes, though less common. It can be used metaphorically for moral or intellectual courage in a demanding situation, e.g., 'She showed great valour in defending her principles.'
Both are correct. 'Valour' is the standard British English spelling, while 'valor' is the standard American English spelling.